List of some Indian inventions that may surprise you !!

• Button - Buttons were made from seashell and were used in the Indus Valley Civilization (Now India and Pakistan ) for ornamental purposes by 2000 BCE. Buttons were carved into geometric shapes and had holes pierced into them so that they could be attached to clothing by using a thread.

Seashell buttons 

• Ruler - Rulers were made from Ivory and used by the Indus Valley Civilization in 1500 BCE. The  ruler was calibrated to about 1/16 of an inch which is less than 2 millimetres. The weights and measures of the Indus civilization also reached Persia and Central Asia, where they were further modified.

• Stirrup - The earliest evidence of the stirrup was a toe loop that held the big toe and was used in India late in the second century BC. This ancient foot support consisted of a looped rope for the big toe which was at the bottom of a saddle made of fiber or leather.

• Stepwell - The earliest stepwells most likely date to about 550 AD, but the most famous were built in medieval times. It is estimated that over 3,000 stepwells were built in the two northern states. Although many have fallen into disrepair, were silted in at some point in antiquity, or were filled in with trash in the modern era, hundreds of wells still exist. In New Delhi alone, there are more than 30.

• Shampoo - The word shampoo in English is derived from Hindi word  "chāmpo" (चाँपो ). The shampoo itself originated in the eastern regions of the Mughal Empire that ruled erstwhile India, particularly in the Nawab of Bengal where it was introduced as a head massage, usually consisting of alkali, natural oils and fragrances. Shampoo was first introduced in Britain by a Bengali entrepreneur from Bihar named Sake Dean Mahomed.

• Crescograph - It is a device for measuring growth in plants, was invented in the early 20th century by the Bengali scientist Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose.The Bose crescograph uses a series of clockwork gears and a smoked glass plate to record the movement of the tip of a plant (or its roots) at magnifications of up to 10,000. 

A Crescograph at JC bose museum 

• Mysorean rockets - The first iron-cased and metal-cylinder rockets were developed by Tipu Sultan, ruler of the South Indian Kingdom of Mysore, and his father Hyder Ali, in the 1780s. They used them effectively against the British East India Company. Their conflicts with the company exposed the British to this technology, which was then used to advance European rocketry with the development of the Congreve rocket.



Mysorean Rocket used by Tipu sultan

Source :-  Wikipedia Indian inventions and discoveries
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